全球旅行文化：教你做个礼貌的旅行者
2014-04-22 17:15:13 来源： 浏览： 次
If you’ve done any traveling at all, you’re likely quite aware that customs and etiquette differ from one culture to another: what may be perfectly innocuous in one place may be hideously offensive in another, and vice-versa.
如果你出国旅行过，你很可能回忆道各国文化之间的风俗和礼仪差异很大：在这个国家这种风俗礼仪无伤大雅但在另一个国家却显得冒犯之极，反之亦然。
Granted, even if you haven’t traveled at all, you’re probably aware of the fact that certain types of behavior aren’t exactly acceptable in other countries: belching at the table may be a sign of gratitude in some places, but in most areas of North America and Europe, such a display will earn you a fair bit of ire.
的确，即使你从不出去旅行，你可能也明白对于某些行为而言，换个国家真的接受不了：有的国家认为在饭桌上打嗝是对一顿美味的饱餐后表达自己的赞美之意，但在北美和欧洲的大部分地区，打嗝代表忿怒之意。
Whether you plan on traveling to any of the places listed below or just doing business with a foreign client, it’s important to educate yourself on the standards of politesse and etiquette beforehand—the last thing you want to do is offend someone with any ignorant, boorish behavior. Here’s how to be polite in 16 different countries:
不管是计划到如下所列的地点去旅行还是只与外国客户谈业务，自己先了解一下礼貌和礼节标准，千万不要因对礼仪的不了解以及粗鲁的行为而冒犯人。下文是关于如何在16个国家做一名有礼貌懂礼节的旅行者的注意事项。
1. Sweden
瑞典
Keep personal distance and don’t touch people when you talk to them. Ensure proper table manners, never discuss religion or politics, and try to maintain a level of quiet dignity. Silences during conversations are not considered uncomfortable, and it’s better to be a bit quiet, rather than overly verbose. When dining out, don’t drink before the host offers a toast, and don’t get drunk.
和人说话的时，要保持一定的距离不要碰到对方。注意正确的餐桌礼仪，不要讨论宗教或政治话题，还有尽量做到有自尊。在谈话中保持沉默并不会让人感到有不舒服的感觉，适当的安静比太过啰嗦反倒好。外出就餐时，主人致祝酒辞之前不要喝酒，而且不要喝醉。
2. Mexico
墨西哥
When meeting others, women should initiate handshakes with men, but all people should avoid making too much eye contact; that can be seen as aggressive and belligerent behavior. If sharing a meal with others, keep your elbows off the table and try to avoid burping at all costs. Keep your hands off your hips, and make sure you never make the “okay” sign with your hand: it’s vulgar.
男女见面时，女人应该主动与男人握手，但不要有太多的目光接触；总有眼神接触会被看作是积极好战的行为。如果与他人一起吃饭，不要把你的手肘放在桌子上，不要打嗝。不要把手放在臀部上，而且不要做“OK”的手势，这个手势粗俗之至。
3. Germany
德国
Much like Scandinavian people, Germans tend to be reserved and polite. Ensure that handshakes are firm, and always 、address people with Mr. or Mrs. followed by their surname ("Herr" or "Frau" if you’re confident that you’ll pronounce them well). Decent table manners are of great importance, and be sure to say "please" and "thank you" often.
德国人和斯堪的纳维亚人一样都倾向于保守和礼貌。握手时要牢牢握紧，在姓前加上先生或太太的称呼(如果你对自己的德语发音自信的话，要用德语称呼“先生”或“夫人”)。良好的餐桌礼仪非常重要，“请”和“谢谢”一定要常挂嘴边。
4. China
中国
Be generous with saying "thank you" when someone does anything from pouring you tea to offering you a gift, and if or when you receive a gift, take it with both hands. If someone makes a comment about your weight/appearance/idiosyncrasy, try not to take it as offensive: it’s merely an observation on their part.
当有人给你倒茶给你送礼物时，不要吝惜说“谢谢”，并且如果你收到礼物或当你收到礼物时，要用双手接礼物。如果有人评论你的体重/外表/特质，尽量不要视为是有冒犯之意：那只不过是对你个人外表长相和性格特质的一种表象观察印象而已。
5. Pakistan
巴基斯坦
Be sure to dress modestly (especially if you’re female), and if you go out for a meal, eat with your right hand; the left is considered unclean. Sit on your left hand if you need to, but keep it away from your food. Don’t show anyone the bottom of your shoe, and try not to touch anyone with your feet.
穿着一定要得体(尤其是女性更要注意衣着得体这点)，如果你出去吃饭，用右手吃饭；左手被认为是不洁净的。如果需要坐的话，坐在你的左手边，但左手不要碰食物。不要把脚抬起来，你的脚尽量不要碰到对方。
6. France
法国
Be sure to say "please" and "thank you" often, and always thank people for their time. If you need help at a shop, apologize to the staff for bothering them with a question, and be sure to thank them before you leave. Make sure that you chew with your mouth closed during meals, don’t speak when your mouth is full, and for goodness’ sake, don’t slurp anything!
一定要多说“请”和“谢谢”，而且总要对占用人家时间表示感谢。如果你在商店需要帮助，因问问题而打扰到店员要向店员表示歉意，在你离开之前一定要感谢店员的热心帮忙。在咀嚼食物时要闭着嘴嚼，不要在塞满满口食物时说话，拜托吃东西时不要出声!
7. Korea
韩国
Don’t be offended if a Korean woman merely nods instead of offering her hand to shake, and don’t extend yours to her. Never touch a Korean person while talking to them (unless you’re on very friendly terms), and maintain a respectable distance: personal space is rather vital. Try to avoid talking too much during meals, and offer to pay even if you know that the other party is treating you.
如果一个韩国女人只是向你点了点头而不和你握手，不要生气，也不要向她伸出手做握手的动作。和韩国人说话时不要有肢体接触的动作(除非你们的关系非常友好)，并保持一段体面的距离：个人空间相当重要。就餐时尽量不要说太多话，并且即使你知道对方请你吃饭，你也要抢着付钱。
8. Japan
日本
When dealing with Japanese clients, be sure to dress fairly conservatively, and make sure that you bow lower than they do upon meeting them. Accept gifts with both hands (and open them later, not in front of the giver), and never blow your nose at the dining table. Avoid asking and answering direct questions: it’s better to imply rather than ask, and to answer with vagueness during conversations.
与日本客户打交道时，穿着一定要保守，并且在见面鞠躬时，你的身子要低于对方的身子。用双手接礼物(不要当面就打开礼物，回头再拆开礼 物)，不要在餐桌上擤鼻涕。不要提问和回答很直接的问题：暗示性地问问题的方式比直接发问的方式好，对话时最好能语焉不详地回答。
9. Argentina
阿根廷
This is another country in which people will lean in close when they speak to you, and touch you often during a conversation. Pulling away is considered rude and "cold", so be prepared to sacrifice your own personal space for the sake of social courtesy. Maintain strong eye contact, and don’t put your hands on your hips.
阿根廷这个国家的人和你说话时，也会和你靠得很近，并且在谈话时经常有身体接触的动作。说话时离得远被认为是无礼“冷漠”，所以，为了在社交时做到有礼貌要准备好牺牲自己的个人空间。要保持伴有眼神接触的动作，不要把手放在臀部。
10. The Netherlands
荷兰
Shake hands with everyone, ensuring that you smile and make eye contact while doing so. Make appointments for meetings and social functions well in advance (like, a couple of weeks in advance), and be punctual when you show up. Feel free to bring gifts such as chocolate or flowers when visiting people.
握手时要面带微笑并伴有眼神交流的动作。提前预约会议或社交活动的时间(如，提前两周预约见面时间)，还要守时出现。与人见面时，随身带个小礼物，如巧克力或鲜花。
11. Russia
俄罗斯
Turning down an alcoholic drink is considered terribly offensive in Russia, so it’s a good idea to fortify yourself with some greasy food before heading out for a meal with Russian or Ukrainian clients. Don’t smile at strangers or they’ll think you’re deranged, and when paying for items, place your money on the counter rather than trying to hand it directly to the cashier.
在俄罗斯拒绝喝酒被视为非常无理的行为，所以与俄罗斯或乌克兰客户出去吃饭时，自己在出门的时候多吃些油腻的食物是一个好主意。不要对陌生人微笑否则他们会认为你疯了，购物付钱时，把钱放在柜台上不要直接把钱递到收银员面前。
12. Canada
加拿大
Canadians are (for the most part) polite, respectful, and fairly reserved people. It’s important to remember social niceties such as saying "please" and "thank you" when dealing with them, and if you open doors for people and offer firm handshakes, you’re sure to stay in the good books. When ordering food or drinks, never begin with "I want…", as it’s considered rude and ignorant to do so.
多数加拿大人都很懂礼貌、尊重礼节并且是相当保守的人。记住社交细节这点很重要，如与他们打交道时说“请”和“谢谢”，并且如果你向大家敞开心扉并热情地握手，你肯定能给人留下好印象。在点餐或饮料时不要以“我想要…，”的句子开头，这样会显得你很粗鲁无知。
13. Italy
意大利
Dress formally and respectably in churches and upscale restaurants, and ensure that your table manners are impeccable. Be punctual, always be generous with social niceties, and under no circumstances should you ever be drunk in public. Say "please" often, and if possible, try to make at least a bit of an effort to learn a few Italian words and phrases.
在教堂和高档餐厅穿着要正式体面并确保你的餐桌礼仪做到无可挑剔。要始终记住守时这一社交细节，并且在任何情况下，你都不应该在公共场合醉酒。“请”字常挂嘴边，如果可能的话，尽量努力学习一些意大利单词和短语。
14. Nepal
尼泊尔
It’s best to dress modestly when traveling around Nepal, and if you end up exchanging gifts with others, never do so with your left hand. When it comes to sharing meals, use utensils so you avoid contaminating anything with implements that may have touched your mouth, and take care to remove your shoes upon entering someone’s home, or a temple.
环游尼泊尔时穿着最好要谨慎，如果你与别人交换礼物，不要用左手递送礼物。一起吃饭时，尽量不要用自己放在嘴里用过的餐具去夹饭菜，并且进入别人家里或者进入一座庙宇时要记得脱鞋。
15. The U.K.
英国
Like in Canada, people in the United Kingdom tend to be fairly polite and reserved. Possibly more so. Be very courteous in your speech, never address anyone by their given name unless invited to do so (always address them as Mr./Mrs./Miss followed by their surname to begin with), and ensure that you use proper table manners when sharing meals.
英国人和加拿大人一样都很礼貌、很保守，可能还有更礼貌和保守。说话时要很谦恭，除非别人力邀否则不要称呼他们的名字(在姓之前总要加上先生/夫人/小姐的称呼)，并且在一起吃饭时，确保您使用正确的餐桌礼仪。
16. Brazil
巴西
Smile often, don’t be afraid to touch others during conversation, and be generous with the "thumbs-up" sign. Avoid the "okay" gesture (it’s offensive), and if you eat a sandwich, use a napkin to hold it rather than your bare hands. Don’t use a toothpick without covering your mouth with your free hand, and if you’re going to wear a tiny string Speedo on the beach, be sure to strut around in it.
经常微笑，在对话期间不要担心与别人有肢体接触的动作，并且要大方做出竖起“大拇指”这个动作。不要做“OK”这个手势(这个手势显得有些冒犯)。如果你吃三明治时，用餐巾包着吃不用手直接抓着吃。剔牙时要用手捂着嘴遮盖一下，还有如果你想要在沙滩上穿性感的泳衣，以防走光一定要遮挡一下。